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One of the issues that historically debate has generated in the study of economic theory is the market performance (1). This is a topic that polarizes and generates radicalism, and which underlies the search for an answer to why some countries develop economically and others do not. Front this question has set two basic propositions: those who say the state or government should monitor the functioning of the market to regulate prices and the goods or services that are traded there. On the other hand, are those who say the market should operate without any control by the government and are simply the forces of supply and demand will determine the dynamics of market performance. Both positions obviously
made arguments as to why his proposal is valid and that the proposal is located on the other side not. And so, historically, economic analysts have opted for one of two proposals to determine because there is growth and economic development of countries. As noted, both positions are located at odds with economic policy that relates specifically to the dynamics of the state with the market.
From this introductory context, you can then formulate an alternative hypothesis with reference to the Aristotelian assumption about virtue. "Aristotle said that virtuous behavior kept a balance between two extremes that express the opposite: excess and deficiency (2)." In the case of market and state, the ends are given by the proposed regulation by the state total to the market and its antipode, which proposes a zero intervention. In this context, why not speak of an Aristotelian intervention, in which the state is present, but gives a wide discretion to autonomous operation of the market. In other words: a virtuoso performance of the market that do not lean to one of the two extremes.
An argument to support the hypothesis, as in many social science subjects, is the use of simile. The simile is meant as an analogy in which the elements are presented as equal in terms of a quality. In this case, the metaphor we want to do is to market roads and city traffic.
routes would be understood as the government markets designed so that cars (agents of the market, buyers and sellers of goods and services-), can interact there. In addition, an important element in the analysis, is that just as not all people have the ability to have a car and travel on the streets, not all market players may have their own business, so to get around (interacting in market), should appeal to a mass transportation (a company in which to work).
In this context, the point where it can be seen most clearly raised the comparison, is at the traffic lights and traffic signals. These tools are ready to inform, prevent and regulate traffic operation in a city. In normal operation, it is assumed that all people know and respect the signs and traffic lights and organizing these are available to increase the flow and transport efficiency.
In that vein, moving the analysis to the functioning of the market, state intervention means that the State would be responsible for directing and in some cases restrict the way motorists move through the city, virtually telling them where to be handled and where they need to go, with the consequence that, people would have to cycle through their cars where they impose the government regardless of whether willing or able to do so.
The other extreme would be given for the case where there are roads but no regulation and every motorist is free to decide where to go without any indication or restriction. To see the consequences that would follow just looking at a high flow vehicular crossing at the traffic light has been damaged: it is total chaos and each person seeking his own interest does not act as predicted by Adam Smith and his invisible hand theory (3), but increasingly tangled traffic and mobility difficulties.
In the case of market performance, this example would show that a total and unrestricted freedom or indications generates chaos, because the market is far from perfect and may generate losses for some of the agents that move in it. For this reason, the best performance of city traffic, is when motorists have full autonomy and freedom to roam wherever they want in their vehicles, while respecting the laws and signals that the government has arranged to operate in a traffic efficiently and smoothly.
In conclusion, for a properly functioning market is not necessarily think in terms of a dilemma with extreme views, but is not outlandish the idea of \u200b\u200ba balance or compromise between total regulation against absolute freedom market, or in the words of Aristotle, a virtuous action which seeks a balance between these two extremes and, supplemented by a simile raised, would seek to form a signalized market.



-------------------------------- (1) The market can be defined as the space in which buyers and sellers interact to exchange goods and services.
(2) The virtues. Human improvement and happiness. Scale Journal No. 167, June 2003. Mexico.
(3) Adam Smith said that an "invisible hand" guiding the market toward efficiency. Hence his famous statement in The Wealth of Nations: "... is not from the benevolence of the butcher, brewer or baker that we get our dinner, but from his regard for his own interests arising out of our propensity to exchange one thing for another. " The market determines prices and allocates resources and assets efficiently when all the players selfishly defend their interests.

The Lay Out Of An Orchastra

sense of humor as a source of conflict

"If you have no sense of humor, you're at the mercy of others." William Rotsler

People often use humor as a mechanism to ease tension in a situation, break the ice with a stranger or just relax with friends. In this context, the humor is seen as a source of friendship and harmony. However, the design Wrong humor has led to such an extent that even when consulting actresses, beauty queens and models to look for in a man, they usually respond unequivocally: "the sense of humor", without actually having clear implications has this quality or features.

In that sense, compared to the question of why conflicts arise in the social interaction of individuals, this paper aims to formulate the hypothesis that in many cases and, inadvertently, it is because of the disparities within the meaning of humor. To underpin this statement can make the following arguments:

In the first instance, humor is the ability or quality of people, objects or situations to evoke feelings of amusement. Likewise, the sense of humor is defined as the ability to experience humor. In this context, we can say that not all people share the same perception about what is humorous and what is not and social interactions is clear that some people seek to generate laughter in front of others with whom they are interacting, succeeding in some cases because they have that ability or empathy, but in other cases the opposite effect, ie, hostility and discomfort compared to the present, because they do not identify with the kind of humor that exposes the individual.

Another argument that can be present to support the hypothesis is based on the approach of the Italian economist Carlo M. Cipolla, who categorizes the humor in two: the one used to laugh with others and applying to laugh at others. In the first case, this type of humor is what generates a quiet, friendly and relaxed atmosphere in which people enjoy and share the humorous situation. In the second case, it is clear that this type of humor is a source of conflict and tension, as the white person humorous comment, if you do not have the ability to laugh at yourself, you'll be attacked and taken various attitudes, including which include fight or leave the group.

addition to the above, it can be argued that stress can be generated by the type of humor used. Among the types of humor and his ability to be a source of conflict is:

- The sharpness, defined as the critical acid, cruel and ingenious. Similar to sarcasm in intent but different in form, the sharpness is characterized by openly criticizing a situation or person, but using terms that seem to be diminishing humorous criticism but ultimately worsen your intention and get long-term effects .
- The irony is the figure of speech which implied the opposite of what is said. Can be part of the previous two, but by itself may be a source of conflict. For example, in a class a student may express "While we are passing that" while his body language says otherwise. In this case generate humor, but at the expense of another, if you notice the irony of the comment, will be offended.
- The Slapstick is a type of comedy involving exaggerated physical violence. You can be nice to see that in the case of several screen stars such as Charles Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and more recently Michael Richards, in his role as Kramer on the hit sitcom Seinfeld. In this case, we know that the situation is fake and simply seeks to make public outlining a smile at the supposed misfortune of others. However, it also can occur in environments like school and situations of bullying or bullying in which this type of humor can be used to humiliate him to fall or hitting partner, for a public course would be the other fellow outlining an approving smile.
- Sarcasm, which is defined as "the lower form of humor but the highest form of wit." It makes a mockery disguised malicious and blatantly with offending or abusing someone or something. Simply find offensive and implies a generation of tension and discomfort in a group. In this case, verbal intonation Sarcasm is the key because it determines the degree of derision or intention to offend one party to another.

These arguments are not intended to prove that humor is a terrible thing, which only serves to offend and hurt others. Just to show that humor is simply a means that can be used to help others, raising morale, moral or something to motivate them, but also can cause tension and conflict if not used the right way, and that, as Nietzsche said: "The intellectual power of a man is measured by the dose of humor that is able to use."

Period Week After Period Ends

The trial


said Julio Cortázar that as the boxing "the novel always win points, while the story should win by Knock-out." In this context, my concern arises: Is the test fits in the boxing metaphor? And if so, how would you do?. I think it is reasonable to consider the essay as winning a fight by judges decision. That is, test the reader stops to become the challenger to become an analyst with arguments that ultimately takes a stand on what he read.
think the test is just that, a statement of arguments on a subject expects the reader to take sides and develop value judgments. Just as judges in a fight readers in the trial made subjective judgments about the arguments presented and, in one way or another, take a stand, assess, decide and formulate a verdict, as in boxing, is not always unanimous, and perhaps that is what fascinating test: leave no one indifferent, or is convinced by the arguments or not; or takes the place of trial or is in an opposite shore. For this reason, I consider that the test is as important as the background as it is not enough to expose some arguments, it is also necessary to mold them, harmonize them and present the target audience, as this is ultimately responsible for approving or not meeting the target test. But unlike a boxing match, to give a good fight argumentative, and essayist has won.

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be paid

One trend that seems to settle now in the media is taking radical positions as a mechanism to generate audiences. Such is the case with host Bill O'Reilly on Fox News , writer Ann Coulter (author of "If Democrats had brains they would be Republicans") and many broadcasters scattered throughout the United States. His strategy is very simple, take a current issue, take a radical position on it and in an aggressive tone to criticize those who think differently. Unlike other news programs that were once a general rule, not invited to various subject matter experts with opposing views, they outlined their perspective on the matter and left the audience the tools to decide what position to take, the presenters or speakers simply state their current position and shown to be correct.

The point is that many of them are not a genuine conviction about what they think, but as a marketing strategy that guarantees them a potential audience and obviously numerous benefits. This is evidenced by the considerable number of viewers of "O'Reilly Factor" on Fox News , the level of Coulter's book sales and loyal audience that continues to allow the proliferation of aggressive broadcasters who populate American broadcasters.

then further reflection on whether this strategy is good or bad in itself, is to establish whether we are entering an era of segment information and appropriate to our positions, no shades to provide a second reading and that ultimately we gives a biased view on a topic. The truth is that as a sales strategy and audience has been a success, that if at the expense of more open information and different perspectives.