peace is built. Facing
ideas that use violence as a tool for revolutionary change, uses Christian thought in practice the love, that is, with the origin of non-violence. Christian in the purest tradition of the first four centuries is a testimony to this attitude of non-violence, in that revolutionary change is in the same life and preaching of Jesus Christ, which inspired its loyal followers who do not comply with order, and always opts for the changes needed to make society better and better, in search of perfection in strict expression. So rely on violence is alien to a Christian, trusting only in the creative power of love, which is also identified in the work with the truth. Arguably, the thought might have survived if their Christian disciples of the first times they had responded with violence to violence they suffered. The social commitment of Christians in the development of humanity, is a consequence of love. Pope John XXIII, Encyclical Pacem in Terris says: "The proper order of human communities is of moral substance. Indeed, it is an order that is founded on truth, which is done in righteousness, that can be unified by love, who finds freedom restored balance constantly and ever more human. " Jesus Christ is in the Sermon on the Mount and next to perfect law of love. Fails to destroy the law but to complete it: "Do not think I've come to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I came not to destroy, but to consummate. I came not to destroy but to fulfill "(Matthew 5, 17). The law of love guide Christian behavior, for whom the response to violence is to reach real dialogue, but to do the fight involving acts of rudeness, symbolized by Christ expelling the merchants from the temple, but also a symbol of truth respected in the use of things for which they are created, without usurping or trampling on, surely the truth becoming obnoxious to the merchants, but "If the world hates you, know that it hated me first you" (John 15, 18). Violence can not be justified only by way of proportionate means it requires a correct assessment of a given situation. Always urging passive resistance, that is, not obedience to the unjust laws of a legitimate government. When the government is legitimate and misuses his power, repressive laws, applies passive resistance. In any case, Christians do not resist the persecution, convinced that on this release is its greatest strength: bearing witness to the truth. The force left by Jesus Christ lies in the dedication with which we live the truth. Non-violence being a stamp bearing the Christian to new situations always arise, making it progressive experience in the broadest sense, and is what allows you to always respond to new situation, because non-violence as a result of human love is an invincible force that overcomes all difficulties. In the encyclical Rerum Novarum, written by Pope Leo XIII and the writings of the fourth year of the reign of the Pope Pius XI, is the whole social concept, an organization of society, a doctrine about the power and authority in the base is the exclusion of violence as a means of social change, a new order based on the achievement of the common welfare, in which the individual workers is the most important, who reject both bourgeois capitalism right as the class struggle left, in which the spine is the principle of "love your neighbor as yourself. "
Pope Paul VI in his encyclical Populorum Progressio also refers to non-violence, with a vision focused on human development, which considers urgent and property to which priority should be given, that must be done with the collaboration of all because nobody can be marginalized or excluded from development should, being an essential condition of peace, citing the word "development" as a new name for peace. States that violence often lies in the struggle for development, to be achieved at a fast but never improvised, which could lead to worse consequences. Paul VI says: "We have to hurry. Many men suffer and increases the gap between the progress of one of stagnation and a retreat from others. However, it is necessary that the work to be undertaken to progress smoothly, and threatened to upset the balance that is indispensable. Improvised land reform could frustrate its purpose. A sudden industrialization, can disrupt the structures that are still needed, and generate social misery, which would be a setback for humanity. " He claims that the disparities in development are the social conditions that produce injustice, creating social conditions and situations of violence. But lack the commitment to the work of each, lack responsibility, initiative and attitude. For Christians there is harmony between faith and action is guided by love. The human cost of violence is too high, and for Christians it is not lawful to fight a real bad at the price of a greater evil, because good always overcomes evil.
aided institutions through joint tissue in the network must adapt to social changes, before a negative contribution, should be sources of development and advancement. Because there are agricultural structures, methods of distribution of property and labor, educational systems, customs and practices, which have become archaic, are true sources of legalized violence. The whole structure does not necessarily violent, sociologically always necessary institutions for normal development of society, they evolve with it. The changes we are living in such important areas as the free movement of goods by the removal of borders and free trade, make it urgent to transform economies in a more human cannibals, fair and balanced to promote the development of the whole race reported by Virtual Network, an economy that will not get into ad hoc and through violent means, that only leads to differences in growth and development. Peace is built. And with it a new more humane social order, focusing on the full development, where human rights are legally secured and respected, where social change for the common benefit not only accepted, but promoted by all in full solidarity of love. Peace is the work of justice, as a result of an order in which human dignity is respected, satisfied the legitimate aspirations, truly free, when man is no object but the agent of his own history. Therefore always social and political reconstruction must seek to serve the common man, not private interests. Whose development requires ordained plans, staggered steps, clear and systematic acts. We pray to heaven fewer fighters and more workers responsible for their work, eager to build and not destroy. For them, let us reform and replace what needs to be replaced, rescuers what they should be retained and improved as worthy to improve, that's all, because in life in general encourages a spirit of creative audacity, or would not be here now.
What gives rise to non-violent action is some deep conviction, not based on the calculation, although the calculation also advised to avoid violence. The less violence over humanity. This means that non-violence is not an abstract form of "witness" because he was born and is alive as a form of struggle. Because while it is based on an important aspect that does not belong to the physical world, such as love, and gives strength, acts as a form of struggle in this world to solve specific problems. No is located only in an ethical attitude of belief, but as a responsibility. This is not to leave things in the good hands of God in regard to the results of our action is to be responsible for the consequences of our actions, not turning your back to the historical realities shielded in early misunderstandings. Because non-violence was born as a social engagement with others, with those who suffer violence. The Mahatma Gandhi saw it as a religion, which explained saying: "A religion that takes no account of things both practical and does not help to do it, not a religion ... a religion that is in conflict with the laws fundamentals of the economy is bad. " Being an action of love, nonviolence is content and immediate objectives and social commitment, therefore, political in the fullest sense of efficacy. No searching only convert, but to remove obstacles. Because it comes to oppose not only the violence of war or terrorist weapons, but also to political violence, economic and cultural organized and maintained by the institution and the law when it is unworthy. That is, does not face a form of violence, to refuse military service to oppose military violence, for example-and only fight it, diverting attention to other forms of violence, which can constitute a more serious immediate danger to the person, before denouncing the acts, non-violence complaint situations that cause them to attack the roots of violence. Because it is an end, not half. For not only develops the work put into action capable of resolving conflicts without violence, but seeks to establish a way of life, a way of being in the relationship between people based on solidarity and participation, commitment of each other, which is in the peace of justice. That can not be achieved only by peaceful means, as the non-violence peace a radical statement supported by the "truth force" or "love force" defined as Gandhi, who is credited with this phrase: "I am a politician who does his best to be holy." Several thinkers rescue
analogies between non-violence to democracy, taken when it is not diverted from its principles, including non-violent society of the future, but now as a suitable environment for development and non-violent practices. JL Borges used to say now "democracy is a superstition," but the traditional democratic principles of equality, liberty, fraternity, are non-violent principles, inspired by a thought of respect for all opinions and beliefs as well as people who hold different positions as a basis. Considering common men as human beings or citizens, are part of the truth to make, and no one can seek to impose the truth to others. For Democrats, who intended it is a totalitarian, whose action destroys the general social life, and the implicit agreement of mutual respect in which he holds a particular position not only has the right to defend and propagate, but in a vital sense has the duty to do so, because it is being engaged in a common task: the harmonious development of society, where it is the world, each of its members, because members of an organic democracy, practiced without faults or deviations, are engaged in a common task. This notion of a common search for truth is evident in the non-violence. The biographer of Mahatma Gandhi, Nirmal Kumar Bose explained: "Literally, the Sanskrit word" satyagraha "in which Gandhi defined the non-violent means" persistence in truth ", his basic premise is that no man captures the whole truth, therefore has no moral right to impose their particular interpretation of the truth to others. However, it has the right and duty to live according to their own ideas, and to oppose everything that is incorrect on the ideas of others. "
The Rev. Martin Luther King said of his militant action: "This is the true value and sense of compassion and nonviolence: help us appreciate the point of view of the enemy, to hear your questions, to know his assessment of ourselves. Because from their point of view we can actually see the basic weaknesses of our position, and if we are mature, we learn to strengthen and take advantage of the wisdom of our brothers we call opposition. " In another letter ("Why We Can not Wait"), Martin Luther King said: "The goal of our direct-action program is to create a situation so crisis packed full of (non violent) which inevitably lead to a negotiated solution "and said that non-violence was possible in America because the opponent did not have a united front, there were many white Americans who responded positively to the egalitarian and libertarian tradition of all human beings . Gandhi also acknowledged his struggle was possible also because of the legal tradition of freedom of one's oppressors, the British, on their conditions of struggle in India, Jacques Maritain (in "Man and the State") states: "In fact, Gandhi's successes were not possible only given the background of relative freedom accorded to the Hindus by the British administration under an old aristocratic liberal tradition, and the cynical belief possible erroneous use of Gandhi. "
The ideal of non-violence, in its economic aspect, is to basically egalitarian society, in which the control of the means of production must be clearly social in a world that no one suffers from lack of food, clothing, housing and culture, a world with sufficient conditions for everyone to be able to have a job to meet your needs, a world as a neighboring republic independent and dignified work well served basis for their livelihoods, and freedom to practice their developing his will until the holding should not be obsolete. In this sense, the relationship between non-violence and democracy is that non-violence only true democracy develops. Also the thought of non-violence is unanimous in asserting that can only be performed in a regime of respect for human rights, which is not impossible, of course, practice where there are no human rights or where political power is frankly violent. Ideally, however, non-violence is the result of some development of civilization in relation to philosophical and moral concepts of human and freedom, social and political concepts like democracy. To the pioneers of non-violence twentieth century, this is an experimental knowledge in the theory and practice are mutually enriching. There is a scientific, systematic, or religious or metaphysical, non-violence is a matter of experience, constant innovation that stems from the observation of the facts and the real trial that is formed as a result of development achieved by the practice. Gandhi writes: "My own knowledge of satyagraha is growing daily. I have no texts to consult in times of need, even the holy book Gita, which I called my dictionary. As I see it, non-violence is a science in the making. " For him, non-violence is intended to be a day the common standard of humanity's moral action: "Nonviolence is not intended for the saints, it is common for men. It is the law of our species as violence is the law of the brute. The spirit sleeps in the raw. The dignity of man wants a higher law: the strength of spirit. "
In the broadest sense of non-violence is brutal, if violence is meant by "the intensity of the desire to be mobilized fully to the conquest of the desired object." This will mean the evangelist Matthew (11, 12): "The kingdom of heaven suffers violence and violent are the ones that give strength." Thus, non-violence is a practice strong minds committed to the defense of truth and the right targets, not seeking first convince their own ideas, but to reconcile the environment in the first place to himself and all together. In the words of Thomas Merton (in "The violence of the poor"): "When the powerful believe that only force is effective, non-violent resistance is convinced of the superior efficacy of love, openness, peaceful negotiation and above all, truth. Because the force can guarantee the good of some men, but in no case permit the good of mankind. Violence will always protect the good of the few at the expense of everyone else. Only love can reach and protect the common good. The claim of building security from all violence is a sham. "
is clear that non-violence in a broad sense to take sides. Be with the most vulnerable and powerless against the economic or political powers. At the same time should not be politicized in a partisan sense or be dependent on any ideology or orientation that is not objective truth. The express and organize themselves must come from situations of oppression general without using the ambiguity in the protest, without using bigotry or take unnecessary risks or disproportionate to the aim pursued. The fight must not ever be disconnected dialogue, as this and finding objective truth is its purpose. By the same token, non-violent position is humble, that is, those willing to rectify their own positions where the error is discovered, recognizing that part of truth in the adversary: \u200b\u200bit is not a tactical error, is confidence the man behind the spirit of dialogue, who wisely observed facts. In much of the effectiveness of non-violence is also on the ability to speak with courage and strength to those who have the power to harm us. Non-violent man is never afraid, so also disagrees performing acts prohibited by law or custom (disobedience social) or refusing to comply with an act used or required (non-cooperation with violence). Using four methods to achieve social ends without violence: 1) Advertising, including communications and education directed to shape public opinion, 2) negotiation or communication with small opposition groups, trying to complete a more formal and binding agreement, including diplomacy and international negotiation; 3) democratic political action, such as elections, the adoption of laws and judicial decisions, procedures based on the consent and do not activate the latent violence in the state, and 4) economic pressure, such as strikes and other expressions of economic protest, filing chosen.
All non-violent action begins with attempts to establish a negotiation, which is defined as an attempt at understanding, defining problems, and if this is not possible, to make an agreement by working directly in the elections in legislative bodies, or in the courts. When there are no agreements worth, once the negotiation phase is initiated nonviolent action itself, considering that in every society there are four areas of action for all reform group. First is the area where activities are located encouraged and even tolerated by society, then activities Unapproved, but tolerated, and thirdly, those activities that deserve punishment, and finally, the behaviors that are perceived as a serious threat to society. The general rule is to prevent violence to the greatest extent possible, which for the Christian conscience to perceive non-violence as a means of social or political change that involves an improvement over violent means, and to be an inspired a creed of love, not the result of an emotion without transcendence or objectives: it is the will of the true good in the present situation, why religions are related to this ideal. Ginés
Dr. Jesus Ortega has been academic philosophy area Catholic universities in Chile and Gabriela Mistral, and is director of the Institute Berit family of St. Thomas University, said the inextricable relationship between education, family and school violence, three factors that it considers relevant "at this time violent enough to live. " Now ensures that "violence is widespread throughout the world, in Chile we arrived at a time when we have a rebellious youth, disillusioned and clearly not all, but there are some leaders who are in that line. The only way to prevent violence is to contain within itself a development of links with others, and if you want more simple: love. Love yourself, neighbor, family, colleagues and friends. Even love of enemy and the enemy. Of course I do not think that modern man is more violent than the former, I am more optimistic. What happens is that we now know more what happens. Although the selection today give us the media gives me the impression that always selects the most evil thing of all, like every day you witness a more exacerbated violence, that in the quiet street you are no longer , you can not sleep without thinking that your home can be attacked. There is also the issue of criminal responsibility for children. But no doubt all part family. If the family is destroyed, man destroys. And education is important here because the man must be well educated and this task is painful. The virtue of the reward of all this feels in the end, because at first difficult and painful. To construct the man, rebuild the family. Young people and children do what they want, express themselves as they wish is not absolute. The idea is that well-educated teenagers, and this is not an easy task to be generous, humble and self-control costs. However, there is something that should always be taken into account and that is that while man is man will have difficulty living together. The violence has to do with the expectations people and what they observe. When a person looks for something that can not be frustrated and that creates stress, listlessness, hopelessness. And if in the same family where acts of violence, is because their members are not prepared themselves to teach the young, because adults of that family do not handle self-giving education, and that's where it causes shock. That's why I believe that education is the only thing to violence. In Chile the expression of violence among young people is not different between students in public or private schools, indicating that the various social strata there is a degree of vulnerability as a problem as youth violence, the solution is the political expression of love expressed in education. "
For now, the invitation to walk together is made for everyone in the world who believe in peace and justice to the oppressed, to those suffering in poor countries and poor or living in developed countries, those who see Main violence injustice, those who have opted for the bloody violence of arms, with no results except more violence and begin to find non-violence the solution to those who have discovered their own religion, the force required to surrender fully to justice as a precondition for peace. Some day will be necessary to collect the sacred books of all the chants for peace and justice, which summarizes all the virtues and closer to everything perfectly accessible to all. Because whatever the color, the shape of the eyes, lips and nose, height or weight below one is a super-man or a man, everyone is a human being. We have a head, heart, aspirations and dreams. And whatever our language, little known, or widespread, limited or rich, we will be able to understand. The face, the smile, the gestures of peace and friendliness are a universal language, able to prove that we are much closer than we think. Just the heart's desire, language the love you want a more just world. The important thing is to start right now.
(Excerpt from "Perspectives of Non-Violence")
(c) Waldemar Verdugo Fuentes, 2009
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